初中被动语态讲解求被动语态与其他语态差异 再给几个典型例句

初中被动语态讲解求被动语态与其他语态差异 再给几个典型例句
初中被动语态讲解
求被动语态与其他语态差异 再给几个典型例句

初中被动语态讲解求被动语态与其他语态差异 再给几个典型例句
中考英语被动语态完全手册
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.巧记为：主动、主动、主去动.
例如：Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.巧记为：被动、被动、主被动.例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念.所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子.
例如：He opened the door.他开了门.(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了.(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成.
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面.
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.
例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年.
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者.
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的.
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的.
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证.
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are madeby themin the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟.
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留.
歌诀是：情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留.例如：
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.

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百度知道 > 教育/科学 > 外语学习2人同问被动语态讲解一下哦！~~2011-10-22 22:56提问者： 匿名 |浏览次数：20597次满意回答2011-10-30 23:37被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表...

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百度知道 > 教育/科学 > 外语学习2人同问被动语态讲解一下哦！~~2011-10-22 22:56提问者： 匿名 |浏览次数：20597次满意回答2011-10-30 23:37被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught90|评论(7)求助知友Negro_hero |三级采纳率17%擅长领域：数学提问者对回答的评价：明白了，3Q( ⊙ o ⊙ )啊！相关内容2009-09-20这两句是被动语态吗？为什么？详解哦~ 12006-10-11是被动语态吗？请个位老大讲解一下！ 42007-03-07谁能透彻的讲解一下:被动语态是什么意思？ 62006-08-07被动语态的讲解 1802010-03-22初中被动语态讲解 623更多相关问题>>被动语态:讲解被动语态:用法被动语态:练习题被动语态:英语2010-01-10被动语态讲解试卷 632009-11-07被动语态讲解 10按默认排序|按时间排序 其他回答 共6条1 分钟前g690146559jxt| 二级被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
被动语态例句：
1 The floor was swept. 地板打扫了。
2 The letter was written by him. 这封信是他写的。
3 The glass was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打破了。
4 English is spoken by many people in the world.
世界上许多人说英语。
5 Knives are used for cutting things.
刀用来切东西。
6 English can be spoken by him.
他会讲英语。
7 The work has been done.
这个工作做完了。
8 Apple trees aren't planted in the south.
苹果树不种在南方。
9 This book mustn't be lent to the others.
这本书不应该借给别人。
10 Are they made in China?
它们是中国制造的吗？
11 Were they used for keeping warm?
它们是用来保温的吗？
12 What is the machine used for?
这台机器用来做什么？
13 It is used for making cakes.
它是用来制造糕饼的。
14 Where were the cars made?
这些小汽车是哪里制造的？
15 They were made in China.
它们是中国制造的。
16 The meeting was held last week.
会议上周就开了。
17 She must be taken to the hospital at once.
应该马上把她送进医院。
18 Teapots are used for drinking.
茶壶是饮水用的。
19 The students were given some advice by the teacher.
由老师给了学生们一些建议。
20 Some advice was given to the students.
一些建议给了学生们。0|评论完善我的回答2012-03-03 10:48gaojxaiqi| 四级Be动词+及物动词过去分词=被动语态5|评论(4)收起2012-05-24 20:55热心网友被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught0|评论2012-05-03 21:00彼岸哀之殇| 二级was/were+being+taught0|评论(1)2012-05-01 22:25947855844l| 三级楼上不对。过去进行时应是was/were+being+taught.这样才对。4|评论(1)2012-03-15 17:11a116657| 三级被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：had been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
另外不能用于被动语态的情况 1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost， suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如： They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。 My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much ／What does it cost？这值多少钱？ Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。 This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。 2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较： They arrived at a decision．?A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。 They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at．） He looked into the question．?The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。 3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如： The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。 4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如： His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。 This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。 The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。 The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。 5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如： Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。 You're looking very unhappy?what's the matter？你看来很不高兴???怎么回事儿？ The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。 Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。 She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。 6）宾语是不定式或动词的或-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如： Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她。 Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。 7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如： She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。 We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。 8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如： They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活。 The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了个甜美的梦。 9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如： The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。 The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。追问谢谢你，可是不能采纳了呀~~28|评论(4)等待您来回答2回答 10 5.2yy上的Y世界怎么不见了在哪找？？？1回答香满园的哪种粉比较好吃2回答丹香店的现烤烤的外观真美观，看着就想吃，不知道哪款比较好吃呢？0回答我播 播我世界 怎么进自己想进的房间?2回答世界OL这么刷金2回答东胜哪的吵虾尾好吃 0回答高安哪家蛋糕好吃，又便宜0回答 20 谁有世界LO号可以给我 换一批没有感兴趣的问题？试试更多等待您来回答的问题>>分享到：g690146559jxt 二级我的提问 我的回答 积分商城连续1天 补签卡加入知识达人培养计划答题或双倍经验值快速升级拿大奖这就去瞧瞧>>来百度推广外语学习
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英语有主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态的结构：be done( 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词； 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词； 情态动词： must/can.. + be done 等）
（ B ) 1. —Your school looks beautiful.
—Yes. A lot of trees and flowers_...

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英语有主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态的结构：be done( 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词； 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词； 情态动词： must/can.. + be done 等）
（ B ) 1. —Your school looks beautiful.
—Yes. A lot of trees and flowers_________ last year.
A. are planted B. were planted C. are planting D. have planted
( D ) 2. The new computers ______ to the village school as presents last month.
A. give B. gave C. are given D. were given

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TENSE 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 be\V\Vs am\is\are+Vpp
一般将来时 will+V will be +Vpp
现在进行时 am\is\are+Ving am\is\are+being+Vpp
一般过去时 ①was\were②Ved was\were+Vpp
一般完成时 have\has+Vpp have\has+been+Vp...

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TENSE 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 be\V\Vs am\is\are+Vpp
一般将来时 will+V will be +Vpp
现在进行时 am\is\are+Ving am\is\are+being+Vpp
一般过去时 ①was\were②Ved was\were+Vpp
一般完成时 have\has+Vpp have\has+been+Vpp
过去完成时 had+Vpp had+been+Vpp
过去进行时 was\were+Ving was\were+being+Vpp
情态动词 can+V can+be+V
被动语态（一般现在时）
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
被动语态的口诀：
一般现、过用be +V.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
1.一般现在时 is\am\are+P.P(过去分词)
2.一般过去时 was\were+P.P
3.一般将来时 will be+P.P
4.现在进行时 is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P
5.过去进行时 was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P
6.现在完成时 have\has been+P.P
7.过去完成时 had been+P.P

语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反 If从句 主句
过去 Had done Would* have done
现在 Were/did Would* do
将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
"一干二听三让四看半帮助”要加to
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]

备注
（1）上表中'*'，would都可转换为should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish结构
与..事实相反
过去 Had done
现在 Were/did
将来 Would
备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变
例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动：People regard him as brilliant.
被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
被动：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)
这篇讲演是王的发言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
边境发生非常严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。（别人认为他很聪明但不诚实）
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。
例：1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被动：English has been studied for 3 years by us off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)
我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
2、主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。
3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主动：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
被动：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.
核能已用来发电。 7、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被动：He has never been beaten at tennis. 就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。 (No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)
主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被动：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为什么这么干。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。
主动：They had build three ships by last December. 被动： By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。 Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done
即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。
例：主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。
(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)
主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September. 过年九月我将送我次子去读书。 主动：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold. 被动：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers. "铅砖"外面被设法骗钱的商人和骗子们镀上一层金来做这样的"金砖"。
主动：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
被动: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.他们将问你许多怪题。
被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。
主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.
被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。
同样
Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤气吗?
但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀：
一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。
主动should (would) do，被动be done代原形。
将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。
主动：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time. 被动：...whether the new plan would be carriedout ahead of time. 几天前，我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。
主动：I did not say that we would change the equipment. 被动：I did not say that the equipment would be changed. 我并没说过，我们将换掉那台设备。

将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同．have (has) been doing,
即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行'现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去．延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。
例；We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时) 我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。
In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (将来进行时) 几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。
现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done
即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如： 主动: We must keep this in mind. 被动：This must be kept in mind.
我们必须把这个记在心里。
主动：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.) 被动：The refrigerator can be put in that place. 我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。
主动：We shall not use the washing machine again.
被动：The washing machine will not be used again.
我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。 原来的谓语shall use被动态中随新主语变为will．
主动: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被动: More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall变will)
我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。
再如： 主动：We shall have to adopt a different attitude. 被动：A different attitude will have to be adopted. 我们将不得不采取另一种态度.
主动：You are to leave the bag here. 被动: The bag is to be left here. (are to随新主语变为is to) 你应把包裹放在这儿。
主动：They used to start these engines by hand. 被动：These engines used to be started by hand. 过去他们用手启动马达。
主动: We are going to paint the wall green. 被动：The all is going to be painted green. 我们打算把墙刷成绿色。 主动：You needn't type this letter. 被动：This letter need not be typed. (ought to, need是不变助动词) 你不必把这封信打字。
主动：You should have taken those books back to the library.
被动：Those books should have been taken back to the library.
你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。 主动：They may have left it in the sun. 被动：It may have been left in the sun. 他们可能已把它放在阳光下了。
may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，决不能用于疑问句。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时，可用于各种结构。肯，否，陈，疑均可。
It can't have been lost in the post, can it?
它不可能在邮局丢失的吧：(反意疑问句)
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前
在否定句的被动态中，否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后，不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中，第一助动词置于主语之前。
例：Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike?
not必须放在第一助动词has之后，第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike? 为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢? The exercises will not be done in class. 不可写成：The exerc